Indwara ya myocardial selile ni kimwe cya kabiri cyinjira.Mugihe cyo kuruhuka, umubare runaka wibintu byiza byashizwe hanze bitunganijwe hanze.Umubare umwe wa anion zishyizwe muburyo bubi zitondekanye muri membrane, kandi ubushobozi-budasanzwe bushobora kuba hejuru ya membrane, bita leta ya polarisiyasi.Kuruhuka, cardiomyocytes muri buri gice cyumutima iba imeze neza, kandi nta tandukaniro rishobora kubaho.Inzira ishobora gukurikiranwa niyandikwa ryubu iragororotse, niwo murongo wa equipotential kumurongo wa electrocardiogram.Iyo cardiomyocytes ikanguwe nuburemere runaka, ubworoherane bwimikorere ya selile burahinduka hamwe numubare munini wa cations zinjira mumyanya mugihe gito, kuburyo ubushobozi bwimbere muri membrane buhinduka kuva mubibi bikagenda nabi.Iyi nzira yitwa depolarisation.Ku mutima wose, impinduka zishobora guterwa na cardiomyocytes kuva kuri endocardial kugera kuri epicardial ikurikirana ya depolarisation, impanuka ishobora gukurikiranwa niyandikwa ryubu yitwa depolarisation wave, ni ukuvuga P wave na ventricle ya atrium hejuru yumuriro wa electrocardiogram QRS.Iyo selile imaze gukurwaho burundu, selile ya selile isohora umubare munini wa cations, bigatuma ubushobozi bwikibumbe buhinduka kuva mubyiza bikajya mubibi hanyuma bigasubira muburyo bwa polarisiyasi.Iyi nzira ikorwa na epicardium kuri endocardium, bita repolarisation.Mu buryo busa nabwo, impinduka zishobora kubaho mugihe cya repolarisiyasi ya cardiomyocytes isobanurwa niyandikwa ryubu nka polar.Kubera ko inzira ya repolarisation itinda cyane, repolarisation iri munsi ya depolarisation.Electrocardiogram ya atrium iri hasi mumuraba wa atiri kandi ishyingurwa muri ventricle.Umuyoboro wa polar wa ventricle ugaragara nkumuhengeri wa T hejuru ya electrocardiogram.Cardiomyocytes yose imaze guhindurwa, leta ya polarisiyasi yongeye kugaruka.Nta tandukaniro ryashobokaga hagati ya selile myocardial muri buri gice, kandi hejuru ya electrocardiogramu yanditswe kumurongo wa equipotential.
Umutima nuburyo butatu.Kugirango ugaragaze ibikorwa byamashanyarazi yibice bitandukanye byumutima, electrode ishyirwa mubice bitandukanye byumubiri kugirango yandike kandi igaragaze ibikorwa byamashanyarazi yumutima.Mubisanzwe bya electrocardiografiya, hashyizweho ibice 4 gusa byayobora electrode na V1 kugeza kuri V66 thoracic gurş electrode, kandi byandikwa na electrocardiogramme isanzwe 12.Imiyoboro itandukanye ikorwa hagati ya electrode ebyiri cyangwa hagati ya electrode hamwe nimpanuka yo hagati kandi igahuzwa ninkingi nziza kandi mbi ya electrocardiograf galvanometero ikoresheje insinga ziyobora kugirango yandike ibikorwa byamashanyarazi yumutima.Isonga ya bipolar ikorwa hagati ya electrode ebyiri, icyerekezo kimwe kiba pole nziza naho icyerekezo kimwe kikaba inkingi mbi.Bipolar ingingo iganisha harimo I kuyobora, II kuyobora na III kuyobora;isonga ya monopolar ikorwa hagati ya electrode hamwe nimpanuka yo hagati, aho gutahura electrode ari pole nziza naho iherezo rishobora kuba inkingi mbi.Impera y'amashanyarazi hagati ni itandukaniro rishobora kwandikwa kuri electrode mbi ni nto cyane, bityo electrode itari nziza nuburyo bwo kugereranya igiteranyo cyibishobora kuyobora izindi ngingo zombi usibye kuri electrode ya probe.
Electrocardiogram yandika umurongo wa voltage mugihe.Electrocardiogram yanditswe ku mpapuro za coorateur, kandi impapuro za coorateur zigizwe na selile nto z'ubugari bwa mm 1 na mm 1 z'uburebure.Abcissa yerekana igihe naho ordinate igereranya voltage.Mubisanzwe byandikwa kuri 25mm / s umuvuduko wimpapuro, gride 1 nto = 1mm = amasegonda 0.04.Umuvuduko wa ordinate ni 1 gride ntoya = 1 mm = 0.1 mv.Uburyo bwo gupima amashanyarazi ya electrocardiogram harimo uburyo bwo kureba, uburyo bwo gushushanya, hamwe nuburyo bwo kureba kumeza.Umutima utanga ibice byinshi bitandukanye bya galvanic vector murwego rwo gutandukana na repolarisation.Ibice bibiri bya galvanic mubyerekezo bitandukanye byahujwe mubice kugirango bibe byuzuye ECG vector yumutima wose.Indwara y'umutima ni indorerezi eshatu zifite indege imbere, sagittal, na horizontal.Bikunze gukoreshwa mubuvuzi nicyerekezo cya vector igice giteganijwe ku ndege yimbere mugihe depolarisiyasi.Fasha kumenya niba ibikorwa byumuriro wumutima ari ibisanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-24-2021